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Free Cash Flow

Definition of Free Cash Flow

In accounting and earnings reports, free cash flow refers to the amount of money a company has after paying its maintenance expenses, salaries, utility expenses, and other operating expenses as well as capital expenditures.

The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures

Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.

Related Terms

Convertible Bonds

A convertible bond is a hybrid security that’s initially designed to be a debt instrument that pays a fixed interest rate in exchange for a loan. Once the loan’s tenure ends, the holder can decide to take one of either action:

  • Don’t convert bond: face value of the bond is transferred to the holder on maturity
  • Hedging

    Hedging is a risk management technique where potential loss is offset by securing a safer, more stable trade. For example, buying stock (risky) and offsetting the risk with commodity (stable) is a common hedging practice in the securities market.

    In the derivatives market, hedging is followed by merchants and businesses who want to protect against adverse price movements in commodities or currencies. They do so by entering into a futures or options contract.

    Discounted Cash Flow

    Discounted cash flow is a method of valuing a company in the present based on future cash flows. An investment may be profitable in the present if the discounted cash flow is above the current cost of investing.

    The formula to calculate discounted cash flows is:

    DCF = Cash Flow Year 1 / (1+r1)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2 / (1+r2)^2 + Cash Flow Year N / (1+r)^n

    Ichimoku Cloud

    Ichimoku Cloud is a group of technical indicators that’s used to understand trends, momentum, support, and resistance by calculating averages. Furthermore, the Ichimoku Cloud indicator is made up of two components:


    • TenkanSen: The short-term indicator
    • KijunSen: The long-term indicator

    There’s a cloud that’s formed as a result of plotting the averages and using the components on a chart. One glance at this cloud can tell you multiple things like:


    • Uptrend: If the price is above the cloud
    • Downtrend: If the price is below the cloud
    • Neutral: If the price is in the cloud

    Moreover, if the cloud and the price are moving in the same direction, there’s much more confidence in the trend that’s forming. In fact, it’s a trading signal.

    Accrued Expenses

    An accrued expense is the cost that is incurred in the current accounting period but is due to be paid in the future.

    More simply, an accrued expense is an unpaid bill due in the future for goods or services that have already been received by a company.

    Accrued expenses show up as liabilities on a company’s books.

    At The Money

    At The Money is a scenario in which the strike price of an options contract is the same as the market price of its underlying security.

    Exercising an option At The Money can lead to a loss as the premium paid for the contract won’t be recovered.

    That said, At The Money is known to be a positive indicator as it indicates the option may soon have intrinsic value.



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