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Finance GlossaryFair Value
Fair Value
Definition of Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Related Terms
Derivatives Market
The derivatives market is a place where financial contracts like futures, options, forwards, and swaps are traded. It is a complex market that is a subset of the stock market, commodity market, currency market, and others depending on the underlying asset that’s a part of the derivative contract.
Forward Price
The forward price is the final value at which a forward contract is exercised, that is, delivered to the buyer by the seller. It is different from the spot price of the underlying asset as it includes the cost of carry like interest rates, storage cost, and other carrying charges. The formula to calculate forward price is:
Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)
Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)
Futures
Futures are derivative contracts that serve as an agreement and obligation between two parties to buy or sell underlying securities at a pre-agreed price and date. Underlying securities in futures can be stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies, and commodities.
Equity Capital Markets
Equity capital markets (ECMs) are a place where companies raise money by offering equity shares to financial firms, institutional investors, and retail investors.
Fund raising of this kind is often done through private placements or Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the primary market, which is a part of the ECM. The biggest IPOs in India are all part of the ECM.
The equity capital market is also a place where shares, futures, options, and other financial instruments are traded. This part of the ECM is known as the secondary market. The stock market is a popular example of an ECM.
Fund raising of this kind is often done through private placements or Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the primary market, which is a part of the ECM. The biggest IPOs in India are all part of the ECM.
The equity capital market is also a place where shares, futures, options, and other financial instruments are traded. This part of the ECM is known as the secondary market. The stock market is a popular example of an ECM.
Fibonacci Retracement
A Fibonacci Retracement is a predictive technical indicator that is used to determine possible direction or trend reversal of a stock or index’s price with horizontal lines for potential support as well as resistance levels.
Fibonacci retracement in action
The logic behind tuning to a Fibonacci Retracement is the assumption that prices will reverse direction towards a previous price-level, especially after a new trend is in motion.
Fibonacci retracement in action
The logic behind tuning to a Fibonacci Retracement is the assumption that prices will reverse direction towards a previous price-level, especially after a new trend is in motion.
Liquidity Ratio
The Liquidity Ratio is a tool in financial analysis for measuring a company’s ability to fulfil short-term debt obligations without the need to secure external financing. The key term here is liquidity.
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