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Equity Options

Definition of Equity Options

An equity option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the underyling shares at a pre-agreed price and date. Equity options are derivative contracts that derive value from underlying shares.

Every equity option comes with a lot size that specifies the total number of underlying shares the contract contains. A trade who wants to start options trading can procure the derivative contract by paying a premium.

Related Terms

Face Value

The term face value refers to the actual price of a stock that’s obtained by dividing a company’s net value by its total shares outstanding. In India, the face value of shares can range from Rs. 1 to Rs. 100.

However, the market value of the share may vary. At times, the difference can be drastic. For example, the face value of an MRF share is Rs. 10 but the market value (LTP) of the same share is Rs. 86,313.45.

Face value is also known as nominal value or par value. The latter is used frequently in the case of bonds.

The face value of a bond is the amount that an investor receives from the issuer on maturity. Similar to stocks, bonds and other fixed income instruments may have a different face value and market value.

Issue Price

The issue price is the price at which a company sells its newly issued shares during an IPO. The company that is set to go public will conduct thorough market analysis before deciding the issue price.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share or EPS refers to the amount of profit that a company generates per outstanding share it has in the stock market. It is calculated by dividing the net income of a company by its shares outstanding.

Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares

Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.

EBITDA MARGIN

EBITDA margin is the ratio of Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) by revenue, represented as a percentage. It is used to understand whether a company is profitable and as a valuation technique.

The formula to calculate EBITDA margin is: EBITDA Margin = (EBITDA/Revenue)*100

Just like EBITDA, the EBITDA margin also excludes non-cash expenses. That’s why a positive EBITDA margin doesn’t necessarily mean that a company is profitable.

Indices

Indices are a collection of financial instruments that measure the performance of those very instruments.

For example, stock market indices like Nifty 50 and Sensex measure the top 50 and 30 stocks by market capitalization.

If indices go up, it generally means that the underlying stocks are performing well. The opposite is true when indices plummet.

By the way, there’s no limit to how many instruments an index can track. The Nifty Smallcap 250 tracks 250 stocks whereas Nifty Bank tracks 12 stocks.

Commodity Options

A commodity option is a contract that gives the buyer or seller the right but not the obligation to execute a trade for a commodity like copper, cotton, zinc, and others at a pre-agreed price and date. Commodity options are derivative contracts that require a trader to pay a premium in order to secure the “option”.



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