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Earnings Per Share

Definition of Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share or EPS refers to the amount of profit that a company generates per outstanding share it has in the stock market. It is calculated by dividing the net income of a company by its shares outstanding.

Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares

Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.

Related Terms

Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)

Compounded Annual Growth Rate shows how much returns on average an investment can generate over a year, given the data for a period of time (say 5+ years).

CAGR is an indicative measure of yearly returns growth that assumes the profits are reinvested. The formula to calculate Compound Annual Growth Rate is:

CAGR = [(Ending value/Beginning Value)^(1/N)]-1

Cost Inflation Index

A Cost Inflation Index or CII is used to calculate a financial security’s price after adjusting for inflation.

Cost Of Carry
Cost Of Revenue
Cover Order
Covered Call Option
Covered Interest Arbitrage
Covered Put
Cross Currency
Currency Futures
Currency Options
Currency Trading
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Current Ratio
Custodian
Cyclical Stocks

Bought Out Deal

A bought-out deal is a stock offering where an investment bank buys the entire issue of shares from a company. In turn, the investment bank will attempt to sell the shares to other investors. A deal of this kind has two benefits:

  • The company need not worry about subscription as the investment bank will purchase the entire offering
  • The investment bank can negotiate with the company and get the shares at a discount

That said, there are risks to a bought out deal like:

  • It is up to the investment bank to sell the shares to investors in order to recoup the principal or make a profit
  • The investment bank also runs the risk of receiving no interest in the shares from other investors
  • Guarantee purchase

If the issue size of the bought-out deal is large enough, the investment bank may team up with others to fulfil the purchase.

Lock In

Lock-in is the period during which you can not sell shares or other financial instruments. The purpose of a lock-in is to ensure that the price and liquidity of the instrument do not take a sudden nosedive. Lock-in is commonly applied to shares held by promoters or major shareholders. You may have heard the term while investing in mutual funds as well, where it is used in reference to close-ended funds and ELSS funds.

Holdings

Holdings are the financial assets in the portfolio of an investor or company. They can include stocks, bonds, derivatives, commodities, currencies, and more.

Acid Test Ratio

An Acid Test Ratio shows whether a company has enough liquid short-term assets to deal with current liabilities.

The higher the Acid Test Ratio the better a company’s ability to deal with debt.

Acid Test Ratio = (Cash + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivable)/Current liabilities



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