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Finance GlossaryDiversification
Diversification
Definition of Diversification
Diversification is the act of investing in more than one asset class, sector, industry, or country to mitigate risk. It is an investment strategy designed to reduce risk by pairing a volatile asset class like equities with a fixed income asset class like fixed deposits. Or, by investing in equities in one country and complementing it by investing a portfolio in stocks from another country.
Related Terms
Candlesticks
Candlesticks are technical charts used in trading to understand price movements. A candlestick chart will show the following information:
There are three components to a call option:
- High (for the period)
- Low (for the period)
- Open price
-
Closing price
The main body of the candle will be green if the closing price is higher than the opening price and red if the closing price is lower than the opening price.
Long green candles mean more investors and traders want to buy a stock. Long red candles mean more investors and traders want to exit a stock.
Commodity Options
A commodity option is a contract that gives the buyer or seller the right but not the obligation to execute a trade for a commodity like copper, cotton, zinc, and others at a pre-agreed price and date. Commodity options are derivative contracts that require a trader to pay a premium in order to secure the “option”.
Margin Funding
Margin funding is a feature offered by brokers that allows users to borrow funds from the broker to increase purchasing power for trading or investing in financial markets. Margin funding is effectively a loan and as a result, there’s collateral to be pledged in the form of shares either already owned to about to be bought. Thus, margin funding amplifies profit and loss.
Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Contract Note
A contract note is a compilation of all the trades and transactions made through a stockbroker on a stock exchange. It is a legal record that all recognized stockbrokers must send to traders and investors at the end of each trading day.
Abandoned Baby Pattern
An Abandoned Baby Pattern is a type of candlestick pattern that signals the reversal of a bullish or bearish trend. It is made up of three candles, each of which varies based on the trend.
Bullish Abandoned Baby Pattern
- Candle #1: Red in color & forms during a downward trend
- Candle #2: Forms a Doji Star below Candle #1’s closing price
- Candle #3: Leads to a bullish trend & forms above the Doji Star (similar size to Candle #1)
Bearish Abandoned Baby Pattern
- Candle #1: Green in color & forms during an upward trend
- Candle #2: Forms a Doji Star above Candle #1’s closing price
- Candle #3: Leads to a bearish trend & forms below the Doji Star (similar size to Candle #1)
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