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Arbitrage

Definition of Arbitrage

Arbitrage is a strategy where a security is bought in one market and sold in another market to generate profits due to the difference in price. This difference is known to be minor.

Say for example a share trades at Rs. 1000 on NSE and Rs. 1002 on BSE. The share can be arbitraged by buying it on BSE and selling it on BSE for a profit of Rs. 2.

Related Terms

India VIX

India VIX is an index that measures volatility and market sentiment. The term VIX stands for Volatility Index and thus, the full form of India VIX is Indian Volatility Index.

A higher India VIX means higher volatility whereas India VIX would be lower due periods of low volatility. In fact, there are absolute values that help understand volatility via India VIX.

India VIX typically moves between 15 to 30, which represents a range that is considered “normal” as far as volatility is concerned.

However, India VIX has touched 90 during the 2008 financial crisis and trended near the value once again when the pandemic broke out in 2020.

Call Option

A call option is a type of derivative contract that gives the right but not the obligation to buy an underlying asset like shares, commodities, currencies, and others at a pre-agreed price and date.

There are three components to a call option:

  • Premium: the price paid to buy a call option
  • Strike price: the pre-agreed price of the underlying asset
  • Expiration date: the day after which the option contract will be worthless

Commodity Options

A commodity option is a contract that gives the buyer or seller the right but not the obligation to execute a trade for a commodity like copper, cotton, zinc, and others at a pre-agreed price and date. Commodity options are derivative contracts that require a trader to pay a premium in order to secure the “option”.

Government Bonds

Government bonds are debt instruments that allow the central banks to raise capital to finance operations. The types of government bonds are:

  • Treasury Bills
  • Fixed Rate Bonds
  • Floating Rate Bonds
  • State Development Loans
  • Sovereign Gold Bonds
  • Zero Coupon Bonds

Every government bond has a credit rating that’s based on the financial health of the country. The government is the apex institution of any country, which is why their credit rating is the high.

In India, you’ll notice government bonds with the credit rating SOV. This is known as a sovereign rating.

Commodity

A commodity refers to physical goods and raw materials like aluminium, cotton, copper, sugar, steel, zinc, and others. Commodities are an essential part of the day-to-day life of individuals, companies, and industries.

But they can’t be traded like stocks in India. Instead, a commodity trader will enter into either of these three contracts to secure commodities or benefit from its price fluctuations:

  • Futures contracts
  • Options contracts
  • Cash contracts

These derivative contracts are traded on commodity exchanges in India like:

  • Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX)
  • Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)
  • National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX)
  • National Multi Commodity Exchange of India (NMCX)

Irredeemable Debentures

Irredeemable debentures are debt instruments that can not be sold unless the company is sold or shuts up shop. Those who hold irredeemable debentures will be paid an interest as long as the company operates its business.



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